Caesarea
Herod the Great constructed Caesarea between 22 and 10 B.C. on the small site that had been called Strato's Tower. During the New Testament era it was the main port of Palestine, and Rome's representatives ruled Palestine from here for almost 600 years. It is located on the coast of the Sharon Plain. This site was insignificant until Herod the Great began to develop it into a magnificent harbor befitting his kingdom. It was a small port city on the Mediterranean coast, Herod, renamed it Caesarea in honor of the Roman emperor. In 6 A.D., Caesarea became the capital of the Roman province of Judea. The city continued to flourish under Byzantine rule. In early 12th century, Caesarea was conquered by the Crusaders and later the city was captured by Mameluk sultan Baybars and destroyed.
Caesarea is mentioned 17 times in the New Testament. It was visited by Philip (Acts 8:40) and by Saul (9:30). Here Cornelius was converted to Christianity (Acts 10-11). Herod Agrippa I died here (12:19) in A.D. 44. Paul passed through it at the end of his second
(18:22) and third (21:8, 16) missionary journeys. Paul was a prisoner in Caesarea for several years, before appealing to Caesar and sailing to Rome. Even while procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate lived in the governor's residence in Caesarea. According to Josephus, this is where the death of Herod Agrippa occurred, as recounted in Acts 12. Caesarea was also prominent in early church history when the centurion Cornelius the first Gentile was baptized by the apostle Peter (Acts 10). 
The Herodian city had a population of about 40,000, the Byzantine 100,000, and the Crusader city only 12,000 at the most. During the Roman and Byzantine periods it boasted a heater several palaces, amphitheater, hippodrome, synagogue, three aqueducts, bathhouses, temples, and three harbors, the largest being called Sebastos, after the emperor. The harbor was built using materials that would allow the concrete to harden underwater. The forty-acre harbor would accommodate 300 ships, much larger than the modern harbor existing today. Herod constructed a theater with a seating capacity of 3500. The theater was covered with a skin covering, and visitors probably brought cushions to soften the stone seats. Josephus called this a "most magnificent palace" that Herod the Great built on a promontory jutting out into the waters
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Relations between the Jewish and non-Jewish inhabitants of Caesarea were always acrimonious. The desecration of the synagogue and the massacre of 20,000 Jews was the primary cause of the First Jewish Revolt (BC 66-70) which ended with the destruction of both Jerusalem and the Second Temple. The Roman general Vespasian, who was sent to crush the Revolt, made Caesarea his headquarters until his legions declared him emperor there in AD 69. His son, Titus, who led the final assault on Jerusalem, condemned 2,500 Jews to fight with wild beasts in the amphitheater in Caesarea in celebration of his brother Domitian's birthday. Caesarea also witnessed the execution of many of the Jewish captives of the Second Jewish Revolt (AD 132-135). 
During the second century, Caesarea had enough Christian inhabitants for the city to be the seat of a bishop. In the third century, a major center of Christian scholarship was founded in Caesarea by Origen. Later in the century, Pamphilius created a library at Caesarea which was second in size only to the renowned Library of Alexandria. Eusebius (AD 260-340), who was one of his pupils, became both the first church historian and the first biblical geographer. Indeed, without the survival of his masterpiece (the Onomasticon), we would be 
unable to identify many biblical sites. The city continued to remain prosperous, expending to its greatest extent in the Byzantine period, until the Arab conquest of the Levant.
The old city required a steady flow of running water. Initially its waters came from the local wells. However, as the population grew to several hundred thousand people, a large scale aqueduct was required to bring the water from a distance. The Caesarea aqueduct was built in several phases, starting from King Herod. The lack of fresh water at Herod's new city required a lengthy aqueduct to bring water from springs at the base of Mt. Carmel nearly ten miles
away. In order that the water would flow by the pull of gravity, the aqueduct was built on arches and the gradient was carefully measured. Since even this was not sufficient, a second aqueduct was built by the Legions of the Emperor Hadrian (2nd C AD). It brought water from Tanninim (Crocodiles) river, farther from Shummi. This section, with a tunnel of about 6km long, was tapped into the older aqueduct, and doubled its capacity. This new source of water was added to the the first canal, making it double its
width. The builders used the same building materials and style, so it is hard to see that the pair of tunnels were built in different ages. The aqueduct continued to supply water for 1200 years. During the ages it was repaired several times. In the marsh lands east of Jiser-E-Zarka a bypass canal was built to overcome the damages. After that time the aqueduct was beyond repair. Therefore, in the Crusader period (12th C aD), a third, smaller, canal was built replacing the originals. At that time the City was smaller and required less water, so the third smaller canal was sufficient. A forth aqueduct was built from a new source of water: the springs at Maagan Michael, several kilometers north to Jiser-E-Zarka. Since the water level was too low, a dam was built in order to create a lake, thus raising the water levels at the source. Then, a canal was dug in the sandstone ridge and brought the water to the city. This canal was laid lower and to the east of the raised Aqueduct.
Joppa (Tel Aviv)
Joppa is Hebrew for “beauty” and was generally known as Jaffa in ancient times. It is the oldest and perhaps the most famous seaport in the Holy Land. It served the needs of Jerusalem and much of the inner Judean hill country. The earliest occupation of Jaffa has been dated to around 1900 BCE and the earliest reference occurs in a list of cities conquered by Pharaoh Thutmose III (1468 BCE). Jaffa is located about 48 km. south of Caesarea. The modern population of Jaffa is about 60,000. Jaffa is one of the oldest functioning harbors in the world. Today it harbors only small fishing boats. This was the port that Jonah boarded the boat to flee from the Lord to Tarshish (Jonah 1:3). For the construction of Solomon's Temple, cedars were floated from Phoenicia to Joppa and then transported to Jerusalem (2 Chr 2:16). 
Peter came to Joppa from Lydda to raise Tabitha (Dorcas) from the dead (Acts 9:36-42). While in Joppa, the apostle stayed at the house of Simon the Tanner. When Peter was praying on the roof, he had a vision of a large sheet filled with animals being lowered from heaven (Acts 9:43-10:23), signaling to him to go with the 
messengers from Cornelius. The Church of St. Peter marks the traditional site of Peter’s vision of the great sheet.
Shiloh
The site of Shiloh means tranquil or secure, and was identified by its location given in Judges 21:19: "north of Bethel, and east of the road that goes from Bethel to Shechem, and to the south of Lebonah." The town lay in a fertile plain at about 2,000 feet above sea level. It was located just east of the main north-south road ("Patriarch's Highway") through the central hills of Canaan. After the Conquest through the days of the Judges, Shiloh was Israel's religious center, being the home of the Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant containing the two stone tablets of the Law. It was a portable shrine built by Moses in the wilderness and stationed at Shiloh from the time of the Conquest until the city's apparent destruction by the Philistines in 1104 B.C. (Psalm 78:60 (NIV) "He abandoned the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent he had set up among men." After setting up the Tabernacle, Joshua cast lots to distribute land to the seven Israelite tribes who had not yet received their inheritance (Joshua 17:2). An annual festival at the Tabernacle set the scene for another incident in Shiloh. The tribe of Benjamin had a dilemma in that no other tribe would give them their daughters for wives. The men of Benjamin then waited in the vineyards until the girls of Shiloh come out to join in the dancing for the festival, when they were captured and taken as wives (Joshua 21:15-23).
Hannah, one of the two wives of Elkanah, vowed that if God would give her a son she would give him back in service to God at the Tabernacle. She gave birth to Samuel and placed him in the care of Eli, the high priest, and his wicked sons, Hophni and Phinehas. Thus, Shiloh became the childhood home of Samuel. Years later, after a defeat at Aphek, the Israelite army sent for the Ark of the Covenant from Shiloh, mistakenly believing that its immediate presence would guarantee them victory over the Philistines. Subsequently the ark was lost and Hophni, Phinehas and Eli died.
Shiloh was located on a low elevation overshadowed by hills on all but the southwest side. Although pastures and a water supply were nearby, the terrain could not be easily defended against enemies. While no explicit reference is made in the Bible to Shiloh's fate, archaeological evidence indicates it was destroyed by the Philistines about 1050 BC, as indicated by burned pottery, collapsed and burned bricks and stones, and carbonized food. Further support for this discovery is the fact that when the Philistines later returned the Ark of the Covenant, it was housed at Kiriath Jearim, 9 miles north of Jerusalem rather than Shiloh. Also, centuries later, Jeremiah made two references to Shiloh's destruction as warnings of impending judgment against Jerusalem: "Go now to the place in Shiloh where I first made a dwelling for my Name, and see what I did to it because of the wickedness of my people Israel." (Jeremiah 7:12) ...and: "Why do you prophesy in the Lord's name that this house will be like Shiloh and this city will be desolate and deserted?" (Jeremiah 26:9).
Shechem
Located between Mt. Gerizim and Mt. Ebal, Shechem is preeminent in the biblical record, beginning with God's promise of the land to Abraham. Later Jacob would return here with his family. During the Conquest, the twelve tribes gathered on these two hills to recite God's Law and the blessings and curses that accompanied obedience and disobedience. There are a number of events that occurred at Shechem: Abraham was promised the land, Jacob buys a plot of land; Dinah is raped at Shechem, Jacob's sons are tending the sheep here before Joseph finds them in Dothan, the covenant is confirmed during the Conquest, the city is set aside as a levitical city and a city of refuge, Joseph is buried here, and the ten tribes reject Rehoboam at Shechem
Bethel
Bethel "house of God" was a town about 10 miles north of Jerusalem, it was originally named Luz (Gen 28:19). It was here that Abraham encamped (12:8; 13:3) in this beautiful pastureland. It received the name of Bethel, "house of God," because of Jacob's dream (28:10-22). Bethel was assigned to the Benjamites, but they did not possess it, and we find it taken by the children of Joseph (Judg 1:22-26). Apparently the Ark of the Covenant was brought here (Judg 20:26-28). It was one of the three places that Samuel chose in which to settle legal matters (1 Sam 7:16), and Jeroboam chose Bethel as one of the two places in which he set up golden calves (1 Kings 12:28-33). King Josiah removed all traces of idolatry and restored the true worship of Jehovah (2 Kings 23:15-20). Bethel was occupied by Jews returning from Babylon (Ezra 2:28 with Neh 11:31). Around 1235 BC the city was destroyed in a great fire that left debris five feet thick in places. It is believed to be attributed to the Israelite conquest of Judges 1:22-25. Genesis 12:8; 28:19; Josh. 18:13; Judg. 1:22; 1 Sam. 7:16; 1 Kgs. 12:29; Amos 3:14; 2 Kgs. 23:15; its people, Ezra 2:28; Neh. 7:32.
Jericho
Jericho the "City of Palms" spreads out on the west side of the Jordan River at 825 feet below sea level. The Old Testament site of Tell es-Sultan is in the distance and is the city Joshua destroyed. In Jesus' day a new center had been constructed on the wadi banks in the foreground by the Hasmonean rulers and Herod the Great. Dozens of storejars full of grain from the last Canaanite city of Jericho. The obvious conclusion: these were from the time of the harvest when the city was burned (not looted) by Joshua. As such, the archaeological record fits the biblical record at this point precisely.
The New Testament Jericho was entered by Jesus as he was passing through it. There was a rich man named Zacchaeus who was a chief tax collector. He was trying to see Jesus, but because he was a short man he could not see over the crowd. So he ran ahead of the crowd and climbed up a Sycamore tree to get a better of Jesus who was passing by (Luke 19:1-4).